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Contraception

Vasectomy (Male Sterilisation)

Permanent form of contraception in which the tube that takes the sperm from the testicles to the penis is tied, cut or sealed

Quick guide

Hormones

No hormones

Visibility

Invisible apart from temporary stitches

STIs

No protection against STIs

Lasts for

Permanent – very difficult to reverse

Preventing pregnancy

More than 99% effective

Starting on this method

Requires more than one consultation with a healthcare professional. You will need to use other contraception until tests confirm the vasectomy was successful.

Doctors tend to advise against getting a vasectomy if you are under 30.

How vasectomies work

A Vasectomy is done by cutting and sealing or tying the tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the penis. This means that when a man ejaculates, the semen has no sperm in it and a woman’s egg can’t be fertilised.

Vasectomies are difficult to reverse so you need to be sure you don’t want children or any more children

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Pros & cons

Pros

  • Over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy
  • Once working you won’t have to think about contraception again 
  • Long term health effects are rare
  • No impact on hormones or sex drive 

Cons

  • Not easily reversed and reversals are rarely funded on the NHS 
  • No protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
  • Contraception is needed until the tests confirm that the vasectomy has worked
  • Small risk of complications during the procedure 
  • Tubes can reconnect but this is rare
  • You may need to take a couple of days off work 
  • Temporary side effects can include mild discomfort, a swollen or bruised scrotum or blood in your semen. These should disappear in a couple of days. Avoid sex for 7 days afterwards

How to get a vasectomy

  • In most parts of the UK you can get a vasectomy for free on the NHS, although waiting lists can be very long.
  • There is no minimum age for a vasectomy however, depending on your circumstances and age, you may not be eligible for NHS treatment.
  • You can pay to have a vasectomy privately although this is expensive
  • The doctor may refer you for additional counselling to make sure that you are 100% certain you want a vasectomy.
  • You can get information and advice on vasectomies from your GP surgery or contraception and sexual health clinics.
  • Contraception and sexual health services such as Brook are free and confidential, including for people under the age of 16. Health professionals work to strict guidelines and won’t tell anyone else about your visit unless they believe you’re at serious risk of immediate harm. Find out more about Brook’s confidentiality policy

A vasectomy is a quick and relatively painless surgical procedure. You can normally return home the same day.

There are two types of vasectomies, the doctor will discuss which option is best for you.

Conventional vasectomy
  1. Your scrotum will be numbed with local anaesthetic.
  2. The doctor will then make two small cuts on each side of your scrotum to reach the tubes that carry sperm out of your testicles.
  3. Each tube is cut and a small section is removed.
  4. The ends of the tubes are closed- this is done either by tying them or sealing them with heat
  5. The two cuts are stitched
  6. If dissolvable stitches, they will disappear on their own in around a week
No-scalpel vasectomy

This is similar to a conventional vasectomy but there is less little bleeding and no stitches. It’s thought to be less painful and less likely to cause complications than a conventional vasectomy.

  1. Your scrotum is numbed with local anaesthetic
  2. The doctor will make a tiny puncture hole in the skin of your scrotum meaning they don’t need to cut the skin with a scalpel.
  3. The tubes are closed by either being the same way as a conventional vasectomy, either by being tied or sealed.

When to get a vasectomy

Vasectomies cannot easily be reversed and reversal operations are not always successful. Reversals are rarely funded on the NHS and they can be difficult (and expensive) to get privately. You need to make sure you definitely don’t want children in the future before considering this method.

You need to use contraception for 8-12 weeks following the procedure and complete up to two semen tests which check for sperm to make sure the operation was successful.

FAQs

How do you know for sure the vasectomy has worked?

About 12 weeks after the vasectomy, you’ll need to have a semen test to confirm that your semen is sperm-free. You’ll need to use additional contraception until the test has confirmed that there is no sperm in your semen.

Does a vasectomy affect your sex drive?

No, a vasectomy doesn’t affect your hormones or ability to get an erection. Your body still produces sperm but instead of sperm being released into your semen, sperm is absorbed into your body without harm.

Can I get a vasectomy reversed?

Vasectomies are not easily reversed and are normally not available on the NHS so you need to make sure you don’t want children in the future before going ahead with the procedure. It is possible to use IVF in the future but again this isn’t always successful and isn’t always available on the NHS.

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